HERD Survey
Higher Education Research And Development (HERD) Survey
ASRSP submits data on 麻豆社's 麻豆社 and development (R&D) activities to the National Science Foundation on an annual basis through the HERD Survey. This nationwide survey is used to collect information on 麻豆社 funding, growth, and trends from institutions that expend at least $150,000 in R&D in a fiscal year. Submission of accurate data strengthens the validity of the analysis as well as 麻豆社’s ranking among peer institutions.
Research & Development Activities
The following definitions are used by NSF to distinguish among 麻豆社 activities.
Research and Development (R&D) means all 麻豆社 activities, both basic and applied, and all development activities that are performed by non-federal entities. The term 麻豆社 also includes activities involving the training of individuals in 麻豆社 techniques where such activities utilize the same facilities as other 麻豆社 and development activities and where such activities are not included in the instruction function.
“Research” is defined as a systematic study directed toward fuller scientific knowledge or understanding of the subject studied. “Development” is the systematic use of knowledge and understanding gained from 麻豆社 directed toward the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods, including design and development of prototypes and processes.
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Basic 麻豆社 is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundations of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view.
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Applied 麻豆社 is original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is directed primarily towards a specific, practical aim or objective.
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Experimental development (labeled "Developmental" in CERES) is systematic work, drawing on knowledge gained from 麻豆社 and practical experience and producing additional knowledge, which is directed to producing new products or processes or to improving existing products or processes.
